To clarify, it seems that you actually have to get back up on the platform in the very same room where the sandwich is. I do not know what blocked the achievement from triggering in my case, but I had three runs and different approaches until it finally unlocked.

First run, I simply did not understand what to do. Second run, I ignored the sandwich (and also the rooms below) until I got the hook. When I attempted to get the achievement at this point in the game, nothing worked. I tried with and w/o the hook, I tried to fall into the lower room and get onto the platform there w/o falling into the lava/acid. I also tried to enter the room from both directions, but this did not change anything.
In my third run, I used the double jump on the first time reaching the sandwich.

個人解熱狗成就時遇到了問題，無論如何吃熱狗後二段跳無傷上平台都拿不到成就，後來逆向操作，從下方平台用勾索爬到上方吃熱狗便跳成就了

Sandwich does respawn after some time. I can't say how long but I ran through the area again after two hours of story and saw it. Got it in my second play through. Descend down and grab it without falling to the next area, use your hook shot as soon as you grab it and continue your progress. If you don't have your hook shot I've seen a video of obtaining it with your double jump. Descend down the platform low enough to grab the sandwich and use your second jump to get back on the platform.

Sandwich can be found in the golden zone on the bottom left.