When I first played the game, I saw messages in discussions that Arx with flamethrower easily kills trolls, the game becomes too easy with him. Similar messages were about Falk. But why does Falk go with a laser blaster, and Arx with a laser rifle? Maybe they are defective? What do you need to do for them to get better weapons? Maybe, do a personal quest, or need a skill from charisma? Or is the level too small? The search, in the end, led me to several topics on the reddit and here, on Steam's forums.

most likely, Arx will look like this at a first meeting

The game has dozens and dozens of named NPC, one way or another participating in the quests, and hundreds of nameless NPC from different factions. If each of them from the template by default receives a certain set of items, according to faction membership, the designer does not need to spend time editing manually each of a thousands of speechless, only important ones. At the same time, a variety of results reduces the impression of attack of the clones. However, arsenal of companions are also do not hard specified and randomly generated from the list at the first meeting, after which it is fixed. Strange decision, in my opinion.
Passing the game for the first time, I did not see any flamethrowers, no rocket launchers for my companions, or a grenade launcher for Ray. None of them had any improvements on melee weapons: Duras with a Horned Sword, Falk and Arx with a two-handed Calaan's Hammer, Caja with a Broadsword, Ray with a Acolyte Sword, Nasty with base Chainsaber.
Arx with laser rifle from first playthrough

Starting a new game, I specifically went to check what possible weapons has Arx, reloading from the Heart to the south. The highest probability for a ranged weapon is a plasma blaster, then a laser or plasma rifle. The flamethrower appears least often. Melee weapons are most often the two-handed Calaan's Hammer, most likely the usual one, in one occasion of 3-4 hammers has an improvement on stasis. With a probability of about 20%, instead of a two-handed hammer, I met Arx with a one-handed mace and shield.

Arx with 1H maces and enhanced 2H hammer.
Plasma blaster and rifle.




BFG

A little further you can join Caja. At range, she uses magic, in close combat - one-handed berserk's sword. Her sword can be a simple Broadsword for 22 damage, or a Horned Sword with 28. Sometimes swords can have the poison enchantment. In this case, Caja's distant attack with a fireball hangs a fire DoT, and melee attack with the sword - DoT from poison, DoT ignore armor (but not resistance).
In addition, enchantment on a companion's weapon means that a weapon has upgrade to tier 1. And although stasis on a Calaan's Hammer itself is useless against mobs now, base damage of the weapon will not be 33, but 50. The same applies to the possible improvement on Nasty's Chainsaber with radiation.

From left to rigth: base Broadsword, base Horned Sword, poisoned Broadsword, poisoned Horned Sword, sword unsheathed.

It's not very easy to get to Falk, I checked him a few times. I saw laser blaster, plasma blaster and flamethrower as a range weapon, Calaan's Hammer base and stasis upgraded as melee. As far as I know, albs and clerics weapon lists very similar.

Ray are also not very comfy for a quick check of his possible arsenal. For the first time he had a harpoon gun, the second time I met him with a grenade launcher.


Nasty at the first meeting can wear a chainsword or chainsaber, a basic version or improved with radiation.

Duras in the first playing had an improved hunting bow, second time I later noticed that he had the usual version.