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Gleitkommazahlen. Sei b aus den natürlichen Zahlen \ {1}, m aus natürlichen Zahlen, e*, e** ganze zahlen mit e* < e**. Die Elemente der Menge

M_b(m, [e*, e**]) := {0} u {x aus R : x = sigma*b^e * summe von i = 1 bis m (z_i * b^{-i},

wobei sigma aus {-1, 1}, zi aus {0, 1, ..., b-1}, z1 ungleich 0, e aus ganzen zahlen mit e* <= e <= e** heißen die normalisierten Gleitkommazahlen mit Mantissenlänge m, Basis b und Exponentenbereich [e*, e**]. In der Darstellung wird das Vorzeichen der Zahlen durch sigma repräsentiert , die zi sind die Ziffern und e der Exponent.

Floating rate notes (FRNs) are bonds that have a variable coupon, equal to a money market reference rate, like SOFR or federal funds rate, plus a quoted spread (also known as quoted margin). The spread is a rate that remains constant. Almost all FRNs have quarterly coupons, i.e. they pay out interest every three months. At the beginning of each coupon period, the coupon is calculated by taking the fixing of the reference rate for that day and adding the spread. A typical coupon would look like 3 months USD SOFR +0.20%.

A callable bond (also called redeemable bond) is a type of bond (debt security) that allows the issuer of the bond to retain the privilege of redeeming the bond at some point before the bond reaches its date of maturity. In other words, on the call date(s), the issuer has the right, but not the obligation, to buy back the bonds from the bond holders at a defined call price. Technically speaking, the bonds are not really bought and held by the issuer but are instead cancelled immediately.

The call price will usually exceed the par or issue price. In certain cases, mainly in the high-yield debt market, there can be a substantial call premium.

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