Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in 1881 in Thessaloniki, Kocakasim Mahallesi, in a three-storey pink house on Islahhane Street. His father is Ali Rıza Efendi and his mother is Zübeyde Hanım. His paternal grandfather Hafız Ahmet Efendi XIV-XV. It is one of the Kocacık nomads settled in Macedonia from Konya and Aydın in the centuries. His mother, Zübeyde Hanım, is the daughter of an old Turkish family settled in the town of Langaza, near Thessaloniki. Ali Rıza Efendi, who was a militia officer, a foundation clerk and a timber trader, married Zübeyde Hanım in 1871. Four of Atatürk's five siblings died at a young age, only Makbule (Atadan) lived until 1956.

When little Mustafa reached the age of school, he started his education in the neighborhood school of Hafız Mehmet Efendi, then at his father's request he transferred to Şemsi Efendi School. Meanwhile, he lost his father (1888). After staying with his uncle in Rapla Farm for a while, he returned to Thessaloniki and finished his school.

He enrolled in Thessaloniki Civil High School. After a short time, he entered the Military Junior High School in 1893. In this school, the mathematics teacher Mustafa Bey added "Kemal" to his name.

He graduated from the Manastır Military High School in 1896-1899 and started his education at the Military Academy in Istanbul. He graduated in 1902 with the rank of lieutenant. He attended the Military Academy. He completed the Academy with the rank of captain on January 11, 1905.

Between 1905-1907, he served in Damascus under the command of the 5th Army. He became Kolağası (Senior Captain) in 1907. Monastery III. He was assigned to the army. He took office as Chief of Staff in the Movement Army, which entered Istanbul on April 19, 1909. In 1910 he was sent to France. He participated in the Picardie Maneuvers.

In 1911, he started to work under the command of the General Staff in Istanbul. In the same year, in the war that started with the Italian attack on Tripoli, Mustafa Kemal took charge in the Tobruk and Derne regions with a group of his friends.
He won the Battle of Tobruk against the Italians on December 22, 1911. He was appointed Derne Commander on 6 March 1912.

When the Balkan War started in October 1912, Mustafa Kemal joined the war with the troops in Gallipoli and Bolayır. His great services were seen in the recapture of Dimetoka and Edirne. In 1913 he was appointed Attaché of Sofia. While in this position, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1914. His military attaché ended in January 1915. Meanwhile, World War I started and the Ottoman Empire had to enter the war. Mustafa Kemal was assigned to Tekirdag to establish the 19th Division.

During the First World War, which started in 1914, Mustafa Kemal wrote a heroic epic in Çanakkale and made the Entente Powers say "Canakkale is impassable!" When the British and French navies, trying to cross the Dardanelles Strait, suffered heavy losses on March 18, 1915, they decided to land troops on the Gallipoli Peninsula.

On April 25, 1915, the enemy forces that landed on Arıburnu, the 19th Division commanded by Mustafa Kemal, stopped at Conkbayırı. Upon this success, Mustafa Kemal was promoted to the rank of colonel.

The British attacked again at Arıburnu on 6-7 August 1915. Anafartalar Group Commander Mustafa Kemal won the Anafartalar Victory on 9-10 August. This victory on 17 August Kireçtepe, 21 August II. Anafartalar followed the victories.

The Turkish nation, which gave 253 thousand martyrs in the Dardanelles Wars, knew how to protect its honor against the Entente Powers. "I am not ordering you to attack, I am ordering you to die!" to Mustafa Kemal's soldiers. The order changed the fate of the front.

After the Çanakkale Wars, Mustafa Kemal took charge in Edirne and Diyarbakır in 1916. He was promoted to major general on April 1, 1916. He fought against the Russian forces and ensured the recapture of Muş and Bitlis. After his short assignments in Damascus and Aleppo, he came to Istanbul in 1917.

He went to Germany with Crown Prince Vahidettin Efendi and made investigations at the front. He fell ill after this trip. He went to Vienna and Karisbad for treatment.

He returned to Aleppo on 15 August 1918 as the Commander of the 7th Army. He fought successful defensive battles against British forces on this front.

One day after the signing of the Armistice of Mudros, on 31 October 1918, he was appointed as the Commander of the Yıldırım Army Group. Upon the abolition of this army, he came to Istanbul on 13 November 1918 and started to work in the Ministry of War.

After the Armistice of Mudros, the Entente States began to occupy the Ottoman armies; Mustafa Kemal landed in Samsun on 19 May 1919 as the 9th Army Inspector.

With the circular published in Amasya on 22 June 1919, he declared that "the nation's determination and decision will save the nation's independence," and called the Sivas Congress to a meeting.

He convened the Erzurum Congress between July 23 and August 7, 1919 and the Sivas Congress between September 4 and 11, 1919, and determined the path to be followed for the liberation of the homeland.

He was greeted enthusiastically in Ankara on 27 December 1919. With the opening of the Turkish Grand National Assembly on April 23, 1920, an important step was taken towards the establishment of the Turkish Republic. Mustafa Kemal was elected as the Chairman of the Assembly and the Government.

Turkish Grand National Assembly, War of Independence